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- Shadows - any thing black without detail
- Highlights - anything white
- Midtones - in between the black and the white
There are three kinds of lenses:
1. Prime lens are fixed lens
- Pros:
- lighter because it has less glass elements
- sharper
- Cons:
- f is set
- can't zoom
2. Zoom lens
- Pros:
- allows you to set f
- Cons
- More expensive
3. Fast lens
- Pros:
- Lower f
- Cons
- Very expensive
Three Settings of a DSLR (This triangle should always be balanced)
1. Shutter Speed
- Controls the speed of the second shutter curtain
- The slower the shutter speed leads to longer exposure and more light coming in
- When set to 1 it is the whole number and photo tends to blur because more sensitive to movement but can be reduced to fractions
- Slower shutter speed = more light
- Faster shutter speed = less light
- Controls the blade behind the lens
- Usually you can control this in your DSLR by pressing AV then scroll
- Number is in decimal
- Smaller f means more opening and that you are zooming out and it will produce sharpness in all layers
- Smaller f number = more light
- Bigger f number = less light
- Controls behind the mirror of your camera
- This is the light sensitivity
- The higher the ISO, the more sensitive it is to light
- Higher ISO = more light
- Lower ISO = less light
Functions You Should Understand
- Close up or Macro/Micro (Nikon)
- Portrait
- blurs the background
- Landscape
- Infinity
- focus until the deepest depth
- smallest aperture
- Sports
- faster shutter
- Semi-manual or Semi-Auto
- AV (Canon) / A (Olympus or Nikon) - aperture priority
- Control ISO and aperture
- TV
- Control shutter and ISO
- P
- Control ISO
- Manual (M) - Control everything like the white balance, ISO, aperture and shutter speed
- Always use the lightmeter to control brightness
Metering Modes
1. Matrix or Evaluative
- balance whole frame
2. Center weighted or partial
- almost the same as matrix but focus on the center
3. Spot
- Suggested metering mode to get best results since you don't change the metering modes often
White Balance Modes
- Tungsten or Incandescent (Nikon) - yellowish and is used to contrast blue
- White Fluorescent - bluish with shades of green which turns white to yellow
- Cloudy - Yellow which turns white into yellowish
- Flash - Yellow to add effects
Image Formats
- MF - not used often
- Raw - for clear editing but occupies a larger space; best used for printing in high resolution
- JPEG - for common editing
Other Terms You Should Know
- Focus
- sharp part of the photo
- Bokeh
- blurred part of a photo
- creamy or soft
How to Use Speedlite 580 EX II
1. The Master Mode Button can be activated by pressing the Zoom Button.
2. Flash modes: (Press MODE button)
a. ETTL - considers the following:
- focal length
- distance
- apeture
- shutter
- ISO
b. Manual
c. Multi
3. zoom (harsh or spread)
4. high speed sync (3rd button) - override camera speed
5. flash output power(Turn the wheel) 1/1 (full power), 1/2, 1/4 (ideal), 1/8, 1/16... 1/128 (lowest power) - estimate light with distance to ceiling
6. Shutter Speed affects background